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Child calls of Evaluation.predict_and_score:v1
Evaluation.predict_and_score:v1
Parent: full eval (29a1)
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The "child nutrition programs" refer to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service (USDA-FNS) programs that provide food for children in school or institutional settings. The best known programs, which serve the largest number of children, are the school meals programs: the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and the School Breakfast Program (SBP). The child nutrition programs also include the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), which provides meals and snacks in day...
The federal child nutrition programs provide assistance to schools and other institutions in the form of cash, commodity food, and administrative support (such as technical assistance and administrative funding) based on the provision of meals and snacks to children. In general, these programs were created (and amended over time) to both improve children's nutrition and provide support to the agriculture economy. Today, the child nutrition programs refer primarily to the following meal, snack, a...
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The federal child nutrition programs aim to enhance children's nutrition and support the agricultural economy by providing cash, commodity food, and administrative assistance to schools and institutions that serve meals and snacks to children. Key programs include the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), School Breakfast Program (SBP), Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), Summer Food Service Program (SFSP), and Special Milk Program (SMP). These programs primarily offer financial support b...
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In February 2017, components of California's Oroville Dam failed, leading to the evacuation of nearly 200,000 nearby residents. FERC is the federal regulator of the Oroville Dam and over 2,500 other dams associated with nonfederal hydropower projects nationwide. FERC issues and renews licenses—which can last up to 50 years—to dam operators and promotes safe dam operation by conducting safety inspections and reviewing technical engineering studies, among other actions. GAO was asked to review FER...
According to the National Inventory of Dams, as of January 2016 there are approximately 90,500 dams in the United States and about 2.5 percent of these (approximately 2,100 dams) are associated with hydropower projects. Hydropower projects are owned and operated by both non-federal entities—such as private utility companies, municipalities, and state government agencies—or federal government agencies—primarily the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) and the Bureau of Reclamation. Collective...
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As of January 2016, the National Inventory of Dams reported approximately 90,500 dams in the U.S., with about 2,100 (2.5%) associated with hydropower projects, contributing to 8% of the nation's electric generating capacity. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) oversees around 1,000 non-federal hydropower projects, ensuring safety through licensing and inspections. FERC employs a multi-layered oversight approach, including hazard classification of dams, regular safety inspections, and...
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Gender-related price differences occur when consumers are charged different prices for the same or similar goods and services because of factors related to gender. While variation in costs and consumer demand may give rise to such price differences, some policymakers have raised concerns that gender bias may also be a factor. While the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Fair Housing Act prohibit discrimination based on sex in credit and housing transactions, no federal law prohibits businesses fro...
Many consumer products—such as deodorants, shaving products, and hair care products—are differentiated to appeal specifically to men or women through differences in packaging, scent, or other product characteristics (see fig. 1). These differences related to gender can affect manufacturing and marketing costs that may contribute to price differences in products targeted to different genders. However, firms may also charge consumers different prices for the same (or very similar) goods and servic...
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The report examines gender-based price differences in consumer products, particularly personal care items, and explores the implications for pricing strategies and consumer access to credit. It highlights that many products are marketed differently to men and women, often leading to price discrepancies even when production costs are similar. The analysis of 10 personal care product categories revealed that women's products were priced higher on average in five categories, while men's products we...
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The principal federal program to aid municipal wastewater treatment plant construction is authorized in the Clean Water Act (CWA). Established as a grant program in 1972, it now capitalizes state loan programs through the clean water state revolving loan fund (CWSRF) program. Since FY1972, appropriations have totaled $98 billion. In 1996, Congress amended the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA, P.L. 104-182) to authorize a similar state loan program for drinking water to help systems finance projects...
The Clean Water Act (CWA) authorizes the principal federal program to aid municipal wastewater treatment plant construction and related eligible activities. Congress established this program in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500) (although prior versions of the act had authorized less ambitious grants assistance since 1956). Title II of P.L. 92-500 authorized grants to states for wastewater treatment plant construction under a program administered by the Envi...
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The Clean Water Act (CWA) was established in 1972 to support municipal wastewater treatment plant construction through federal grants administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Initially, the federal share of project costs was 75%, later reduced to 55% in 1981. By the mid-1980s, debates arose regarding the future of the construction grants program, leading to the 1987 Water Quality Act, which authorized $18 billion over nine years for sewage treatment through a combination of gra...
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FEMA, a component of DHS, annually awards billions of dollars in grants to help communities prepare for, mitigate the effects of, and recover from major disasters. However, FEMA's complex IT environment supporting grants management consists of many disparate systems. In 2008, the agency attempted to modernize these systems but experienced significant challenges. In 2015, FEMA initiated a new endeavor (the GMM program) aimed at streamlining and modernizing the grants management IT environment. GA...
FEMA’s mission is to help people before, during, and after disasters. It provides assistance to those affected by emergencies and disasters by supplying immediate needs (e.g., ice, water, food, and temporary housing) and providing financial assistance grants for damage to personal or public property. FEMA also provides non-disaster assistance grants to improve the nation’s preparedness, readiness, and resilience to all hazards. FEMA accomplishes a large part of its mission through awarding grant...
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The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is tasked with assisting individuals and communities before, during, and after disasters through various grant programs aimed at disaster relief and preparedness. From 2005 to 2014, FEMA allocated approximately $104.5 billion in disaster relief grants, with significant funding following major disasters in 2017. The agency is currently modernizing its grants management system through the Grants Management Modernization (GMM) program, which aims to re...
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In recent decades, many new regulations intended to strengthen financial soundness, improve consumer protections, and aid anti-money laundering efforts were implemented for financial institutions. Smaller community banks and credit unions must comply with some of the regulations, but compliance can be more challenging and costly for these institutions. GAO examined (1) the regulations community banks and credit unions viewed as most burdensome and why, and (2) efforts by depository institution r...
While no commonly accepted definition of a community bank exists, they are generally smaller banks that provide banking services to the local community and have management and board members who reside in the local community. In some of our past reports, we often defined community banks as those with under $10 billion in total assets. However, many banks have assets well below $10 billion as data from the financial condition reports that institutions submit to regulators (Call Reports) indicated ...
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The report examines the regulatory burdens faced by community banks and credit unions, particularly focusing on three key regulations: the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA), Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering (BSA/AML) regulations, and the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure (TRID) rule. Community banks and credit unions, which are generally smaller institutions, reported that these regulations are complex and time-consuming, leading to increased compliance costs and operational challenges. T...
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Broadband furthers economic development, educational attainment, and public health and safety; however, residents of tribal lands have lower levels of broadband access relative to the U.S. population. Congress has prioritized identifying and targeting funds to unserved areas. FCC uses data from broadband providers to develop maps and reports depicting broadband availability in the United States, with specific information on tribal lands. GAO was asked to review FCC's efforts to collect broadband...
The federal government has recognized 573 Indian tribes as distinct, independent political communities with tribal sovereignty. There are different categories of tribal lands, with differing implications with respect to ownership and administration. Reservations are defined geographic areas with established boundaries recognized by the United States. Tribal lands vary in size, demographics, and location. For example, those lands smallest in size are less than one square mile, and the largest, th...
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The federal government recognizes 573 Indian tribes as distinct political communities with tribal sovereignty, and their lands vary significantly in size and location. The report highlights the importance of broadband access, noting that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has been tasked with ensuring that rural and tribal areas have comparable telecommunications services to urban areas. The FCC's data collection methods, particularly through Form 477, have been criticized for overstati...
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Previous attempted and successful terrorist attacks against the United States have raised questions about the security of the U.S. government's process for adjudicating NIVs, which are issued to foreign nationals, such as tourists, business visitors, and students, seeking temporary admission into the United States. For example, the December 2015 shootings in San Bernardino, California, led to concerns about NIV screening and vetting processes because one of the attackers was admitted into the Un...
Several U.S. agencies have roles and responsibilities related to the screening and vetting of NIV applicants, as shown in table 1. Key Visa Adjudication Process Terms Validity period: The length of time during which a nonimmigrant visa (NIV) is valid for use by a foreign national seeking to travel to a U.S. port of entry and apply for admission into the United States. Entries: The number of applications for admission into the country permitted under a single NIV. Reciprocity arrangements: An und...
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The report outlines the roles and responsibilities of various U.S. agencies in the screening and vetting of nonimmigrant visa (NIV) applicants, detailing the visa adjudication process managed primarily by the Department of State. It categorizes NIVs into seven groups, with variations in validity periods and entries based on reciprocity arrangements with applicants' home countries. The report highlights the adjudication process, which includes obtaining a USCIS-approved petition, background check...
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Over the past decade, the United States and the international community have sought to improve security in the DRC. In the eastern DRC, armed groups have committed severe human rights abuses, including sexual violence, and reportedly profit from the exploitation of “conflict minerals”— in particular, tin, tungsten, tantalum, and gold, according to the United Nations. Congress included a provision in the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act that, among other things, requ...
The DRC is a vast, mineral-rich nation with an estimated population of about 83 million people and an area that is roughly one-quarter the size of the United States, according to the United Nations. Figure 1 shows the DRC’s provinces and adjoining countries. Since gaining its independence from Belgium in 1960, the DRC has undergone political upheaval and armed conflict. From 1998 to 2003, the DRC and eight other African countries were involved in what has become known as “Africa’s World War,” wh...
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The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a mineral-rich nation with a population of approximately 83 million, has faced significant political instability and armed conflict since its independence in 1960, including a devastating war from 1998 to 2003 that resulted in an estimated 5 million deaths. The eastern DRC continues to experience violence, particularly against civilians, with reports of sexual violence by armed groups and government forces. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (...
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Congressional interest in Overseas Contingency Operation (OCO) funding has continued as Members debate ways of funding priorities without breaching discretionary spending limits set in law. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Congress has appropriated approximately $2 trillion in discretionary budget authority designated as emergency requirements or for Overseas Contingency Operations/Global War on Terrorism (OCO/GWOT) in support of the broad U.S. government response to the 9/11 a...
This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on war-related and other international emergency or contingency-designated funding since FY2001. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Congress has appropriated approximately $2 trillion in discretionary budget authority designated for emergencies or OCO/GWOT in support of the broad U.S. government response to the 9/11 attacks and for other related international affairs activities. This figure in...
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The report outlines the funding appropriated by Congress for war-related and international emergency activities since FY2001, totaling approximately $2 trillion, primarily in response to the 9/11 attacks. This includes $1.8 trillion for the Department of Defense (DOD), $154 billion for the Department of State and USAID, and $3 billion for the Department of Homeland Security and Coast Guard. The report discusses the use of supplemental appropriations for unforeseen needs and the shift in budgetar...
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Concerns over efforts by U.S. taxpayers to use offshore accounts to hide income or evade taxes contributed to the passage of FATCA in 2010, which sought to create greater transparency and accountability over offshore assets held by U.S. taxpayers. House Report 114-624 included a provision for GAO to evaluate FATCA implementation and determine the effects of FATCA on U.S. citizens living abroad. GAO—among other things—(1) assessed IRS's efforts to use FATCA-related information to improve taxpayer...
The United States has many international agreements that require treaty partners to provide certain information to IRS, which can help prevent the use of foreign bank accounts to facilitate tax evasion. FATCA goes much further, requiring FFIs to report more detailed information to IRS about their U.S. customers annually. These provisions are important developments in efforts to combat tax evasion by U.S. persons holding investments in offshore accounts. FATCA generally requires certain taxpayers...
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The report outlines the implementation and challenges of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) in the United States, which mandates foreign financial institutions (FFIs) to report detailed information about U.S. account holders to the IRS. FATCA aims to combat tax evasion by requiring U.S. taxpayers to report foreign financial accounts and assets exceeding certain thresholds on Form 8938. However, issues arise from incomplete or incorrect Taxpayer Identification Numbers (TINs) reported ...
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To help address long-standing financial management system deficiencies, DHS initiated its TRIO project, which has focused on migrating three of its components to a modernized financial management system provided by IBC, an OMB-designated, federal SSP. House Report Number 3128 included a provision for GAO to assess the risks of DHS using IBC in connection with its modernization efforts. This report examines (1) the extent to which DHS and the TRIO components followed best practices in analyzing a...
Since DHS’s creation in 2003, significant internal control and financial management system deficiencies have hampered its ability to reasonably assure effective financial management and to manage operations. These deficiencies contributed to our decision to designate DHS’s management functions, including financial management, as high risk. To help address these deficiencies, DHS initiated a decentralized approach to upgrade or replace legacy financial management systems and has been evaluating v...
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The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has faced significant internal control and financial management deficiencies since its establishment in 2003, leading to the designation of its management functions as high risk. To address these issues, DHS has initiated a decentralized approach to modernize its financial management systems, including the TRIO project, which aims to migrate the financial systems of the Coast Guard, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO), and Transportation Security Ad...
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