Dataset:v0
id
id
question
documents
response
generation_model_name
annotating_model_name
dataset_name
documents_sentences
response_sentences
sentence_support_information
unsupported_response_sentence_keys
adherence_score
867
What was a characteristic of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, specimens collected from the lower respiratory tract such as sputum and tracheal aspirates?
["Title: MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission\nPassage: In the only study to examine the effect of sample type on molecular analysis, 64 nasopharyngeal aspirates , 30 tracheal aspirates, 13 sputa and three BAL were examined. The tracheal aspirates and BAL returned the highest viral load values followed by NPA and sputum. Unsurprisingly, higher viral loads generally paralleled whole genome sequencing and culture success and, in NPA testing, were significantly correlated wi...
The characteristic of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV specimens collected from the lower respiratory tract, such as sputum and tracheal aspirates, was that they had higher and more prolonged levels of viral RNA compared to specimens collected from the upper respiratory tract.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission"],["0b","Passage: In the only study to examine the effect of sample type on molecular analysis, 64 nasopharyngeal aspirates , 30 tracheal aspirates, 13 sputa and three BAL were examined."],["0c","The tracheal aspirates and BAL returned the highest viral load values followed by NPA and sputum."],["0d","Unsurprisingly, higher viral loads generally paralleled whole genome sequencing and culture success and, in NPA testing,...
[["a","The characteristic of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV specimens collected from the lower respiratory tract, such as sputum and tracheal aspirates, was that they had higher and more prolonged levels of viral RNA compared to specimens collected from the upper respiratory tract."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence is directly supported by Document 1, sentence 1d, which states that specimens from the lower respiratory tract have higher and more prolonged levels of viral RNA because of the tropism of the virus.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["1d"]}]
[]
204
How many control samples were used in this study?
["Title: Quality control of multiplex antibody detection in samples from large-scale surveys: the example of malaria in Haiti\nPassage: over five weeks for Survey 1; 257 plates over nine weeks for Survey 2; and 59 plates over four weeks for Survey 3. Together these represent 32,758 participant samples processed over an eighteen-week period. After removal of median fluorescence intensity data across all analytes for samples with missing or high responses to the generic glutathione-S-transferase ,...
There were a total of three control samples used in the study. The first control sample was a Haitian positive serum control pool created using country-wide DBS samples from RDT positive individuals. The second control sample was the WHO Pf 10/198 NIBSC standard 22, and the third control sample was created using country-wide DBS samples from individuals with confirmed malaria previously collected during healthcare visits.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Quality control of multiplex antibody detection in samples from large-scale surveys: the example of malaria in Haiti"],["0b","Passage: over five weeks for Survey 1; 257 plates over nine weeks for Survey 2; and 59 plates over four weeks for Survey 3."],["0c","Together these represent 32,758 participant samples processed over an eighteen-week period."],["0d","After removal of median fluorescence intensity data across all analytes for samples with missing or high responses to the ge...
[["a","There were a total of three control samples used in the study."],["b","The first control sample was a Haitian positive serum control pool created using country-wide DBS samples from RDT positive individuals."],["c","The second control sample was the WHO Pf 10/198 NIBSC standard 22, and the third control sample was created using country-wide DBS samples from individuals with confirmed malaria previously collected during healthcare visits."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence asserts there were three control samples but does not specify them clearly in the documents.","fully_supported":false,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":[]},{"explanation":"Document 1 (sentence 1c) supports the claim about the Haitian positive serum control pool.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"b","supporting_sentence_keys":["1c"]},{"explanation":"This sentence claims three separate control samples but reiterates information abo...
["a","c"]
558
What happened to the report with initial claims?
["Title: Contrasting academic and lay press print coverage of the 2013-2016 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak\nPassage: Any declarative claim that is inconsistent with the information above \"The outbreak began March 2014\" stated after outbreak shown to have begun in December 2013","Title: No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2\nPassage: withdrawn this report.","Title: Contrasting academic and lay press print coverage of the 2013-2016 Ebola Virus Disease o...
The report with initial claims about the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 was withdrawn.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Contrasting academic and lay press print coverage of the 2013-2016 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak"],["0b","Passage: Any declarative claim that is inconsistent with the information above \"The outbreak began March 2014\" stated after outbreak shown to have begun in December 2013"]],[["1a","Title: No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2"],["1b","Passage: withdrawn this report."]],[["2a","Title: Contrasting academic and lay press print covera...
[["a","The report with initial claims about the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 was withdrawn."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence states that the report with initial claims about the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 was withdrawn, which is directly supported by Document 1.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["1b"]}]
[]
1224
What are juvenile DCs more often positive for?
["Title: MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission\nPassage: Screening studies have shown that juvenile DCs are more often positive for virus or viral RNA while older DCs are more likely to be seropositive and RNA or virus negative . In adult DCs, MERS-CoV RNA has been detected among animals with pre-existing antibody, suggesting re-infection is possible . Viral loads among positive DCs can be very high and DCs have been found positive both when ill with URT respiratory signs ...
Juvenile DCs are more often positive for virus or viral RNA.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission"],["0b","Passage: Screening studies have shown that juvenile DCs are more often positive for virus or viral RNA while older DCs are more likely to be seropositive and RNA or virus negative ."],["0c","In adult DCs, MERS-CoV RNA has been detected among animals with pre-existing antibody, suggesting re-infection is possible ."],["0d","Viral loads among positive DCs can be very high and DCs have been found positive both whe...
[["a","Juvenile DCs are more often positive for virus or viral RNA."]]
[{"explanation":"The sentence accurately reflects the information presented in sentence 0b of Document 0, which states that juvenile DCs are more often positive for virus or viral RNA.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["0b"]}]
[]
1748
What will maximize the effectiveness of interventions?
["Title: Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-\nPassage: deaths . To maximise the ability to observe intervention impact","Title: Adaptive Management and the Value of Information: Learning Via Intervention in Epidemiology\nPassage: key uncertainty limiting the design of optimal interventions. For non-selective campaigns, a larger age-range should increase the chances of reaching non-immune individuals; however, it should also result in more resources spent on vaccinating tho...
The ability to observe intervention impact and learning via intervention in epidemiology will maximize the effectiveness of interventions.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-"],["0b","Passage: deaths ."],["0c","To maximise the ability to observe intervention impact"]],[["1a","Title: Adaptive Management and the Value of Information: Learning Via Intervention in Epidemiology"],["1b","Passage: key uncertainty limiting the design of optimal interventions."],["1c","For non-selective campaigns, a larger age-range should increase the chances of reaching non-immune individuals; however, it should also...
[["a","The ability to observe intervention impact and learning via intervention in epidemiology will maximize the effectiveness of interventions."]]
[{"explanation":"The sentence is supported by the documents. Document 0 mentions the importance of observing intervention impact (0c), and Document 1 mentions learning via intervention in epidemiology (1d).","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["0c","1d"]}]
[]
1227
Which may be an occupational group with significantly higher incidence of seropositivity to MERS-CoV ?
["Title: MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission\nPassage: DCs, may be an occupational group with significantly higher incidence of seropositivity to MERS-CoV when animals have active MERS-CoV infections . Expanded virological investigations of African DCs may lead to more seropositive animals and geographic areas in which humans may be at risk. It is possible that there are areas where humans already harbour MERS-CoV infections that have not been identified because of an ab...
DCs (dromedary camels) may be an occupational group with significantly higher incidence of seropositivity to MERS-CoV.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission"],["0b","Passage: DCs, may be an occupational group with significantly higher incidence of seropositivity to MERS-CoV when animals have active MERS-CoV infections ."],["0c","Expanded virological investigations of African DCs may lead to more seropositive animals and geographic areas in which humans may be at risk."],["0d","It is possible that there are areas where humans already harbour MERS-CoV infections that have not...
[["a","DCs (dromedary camels) may be an occupational group with significantly higher incidence of seropositivity to MERS-CoV."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence is supported by the provided documents. Document 0, sentence '0b' explicitly states that DCs may have a significantly higher incidence of seropositivity to MERS-CoV when animals have active infections.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a.","supporting_sentence_keys":["0b"]}]
[]
1096
What is the presence of Ae.albopictus in North America?
["Title: Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?\nPassage: Of note is that Ae. aegypti has most likely been established in North America for over 300 y, while Ae. albopictus has been in many areas of the US, since 1985, primarily in Florida and since then has expanded its range in the country. Reiskind et al. set out to determine if Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes captured in Florida were susceptible to CHIKV infection by a La Reunion isolate . Each mosquito tested was highly sus...
Ae. albopictus has been established in many areas of the US since 1985, primarily in Florida, and has expanded its range in the country. It is also present in Hawaii.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?"],["0b","Passage: Of note is that Ae."],["0c","aegypti has most likely been established in North America for over 300 y, while Ae."],["0d","albopictus has been in many areas of the US, since 1985, primarily in Florida and since then has expanded its range in the country."],["0e","Reiskind et al. set out to determine if Ae."],["0f","aegypti and Ae."],["0g","albopictus mosquitoes captured in Florida were susceptible to CHIKV infection b...
[["a","Ae. albopictus has been established in many areas of the US since 1985, primarily in Florida, and has expanded its range in the country."],["b","It is also present in Hawaii."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence is supported by Document 0, which states that Ae. albopictus has been present in many areas of the US since 1985, primarily in Florida.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["0d"]},{"explanation":"This sentence is supported by Documents 1 and 3, which state that Ae. albopictus was present in Hawaii during entomologic surveys and was responsible for the 2001 dengue outbreak.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"b...
[]
363
When did WHO declare a pandemic of pH1N1/2009v influenza?
["Title: We should not be complacent about our population-based public health response to the first influenza pandemic of the 21(st )century\nPassage: The World Health Organization declared that spread of the newly recognised quadruple reassortant influenza A H1N1 virus satisfied the criteria for a pandemic on June 11, 2009 , although technically conditions for declaring a pandemic had been met some weeks earlier. The virus, generally referred to as pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 , had first been ...
The World Health Organization declared a pandemic of pH1N1/2009v influenza on June 11, 2009.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: We should not be complacent about our population-based public health response to the first influenza pandemic of the 21(st )century"],["0b","Passage: The World Health Organization declared that spread of the newly recognised quadruple reassortant influenza A H1N1 virus satisfied the criteria for a pandemic on June 11, 2009 , although technically conditions for declaring a pandemic had been met some weeks earlier."],["0c","The virus, generally referred to as pandemic influenza H1N...
[["a","The World Health Organization declared a pandemic of pH1N1/2009v influenza on June 11, 2009."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence is supported by multiple sentences in the documents. Both Document 0 and Document 1 confirm that the World Health Organization declared a pandemic of pH1N1/2009v influenza on June 11, 2009.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["0b","1c"]}]
[]
235
What was the prevalence of Coronavirus OC 229 E/NL63 in clinical subjects in Ilorin, Nigeria?
["Title: Etiology of respiratory tract infections in the community and clinic in Ilorin, Nigeria\nPassage: and 5 of quadruple. Parainfluenza virus 4, respiratory syncytial virus B and enterovirus were the most common viruses in the clinical sample; present in 93.8% of clinical subjects, and 6.7% of community subjects . Coronavirus OC43 was the most common virus detected in community members . A different strain, Coronavirus OC 229 E/NL63 was detected among subjects from the clinic and not detect...
Coronavirus OC 229 E/NL63 was detected in 12.5% of the clinical subjects in Ilorin, Nigeria.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Etiology of respiratory tract infections in the community and clinic in Ilorin, Nigeria"],["0b","Passage: and 5 of quadruple."],["0c","Parainfluenza virus 4, respiratory syncytial virus B and enterovirus were the most common viruses in the clinical sample; present in 93.8% of clinical subjects, and 6.7% of community subjects ."],["0d","Coronavirus OC43 was the most common virus detected in community members ."],["0e","A different strain, Coronavirus OC 229 E/NL63 was detected amo...
[["a","Coronavirus OC 229 E/NL63 was detected in 12.5% of the clinical subjects in Ilorin, Nigeria."]]
[{"explanation":"The sentence is fully supported by sentence 1b in Document 1, which states that Coronavirus OC 229 E/NL63 was detected in 12.5% of clinical subjects.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["1b"]}]
[]
1628
Are the modern day Influenza viruses related to the 1918 Spanish Influenza virus?
["Title: 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics\nPassage: 12. Reid AH, Fanning TG, Hultin JV, Taubenberger JK. Origin and evolution of the 1918 “Spanish” influenza virus hemagglutinin gene.","Title: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Looking Back, Looking Forward\nPassage: finding, and it will be important for future work to reconcile the well-accepted idea that a 1918-like virus may have circulated in Europe and North America in the second half of the 19th century, with the notion that Madrid wo...
Based on the given context, it is suggested that modern day Influenza viruses may be related to the 1918 Spanish Influenza virus. The passages mention the origin and evolution of the 1918 influenza virus, and also discuss the possibility of a 1918-like virus circulating in Europe and North America in the 19th century. Furthermore, there is a question posed about whether a 1918-like pandemic could appear again, indicating a potential relation between the 1918 virus and modern day Influenza viruse...
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics Passage: 12."],["0b","Reid AH, Fanning TG, Hultin JV, Taubenberger JK."],["0c","Origin and evolution of the 1918 “Spanish” influenza virus hemagglutinin gene."]],[["1a","Title: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Looking Back, Looking Forward"],["1b","Passage: finding, and it will be important for future work to reconcile the well-accepted idea that a 1918-like virus may have circulated in Europe and North America in the second half of the 19t...
[["a","Based on the given context, it is suggested that modern day Influenza viruses may be related to the 1918 Spanish Influenza virus."],["b","The passages mention the origin and evolution of the 1918 influenza virus, and also discuss the possibility of a 1918-like virus circulating in Europe and North America in the 19th century."],["c","Furthermore, there is a question posed about whether a 1918-like pandemic could appear again, indicating a potential relation between the 1918 virus and mode...
[{"explanation":"This sentence is supported by the overall context, particularly by the discussions of the origin, evolution, and potential recurrence of a 1918-like influenza virus.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["1b","3b"]},{"explanation":"This sentence refers to the origin and evolution of the 1918 influenza and its possible circulation in the 19th century, which are discussed in the relevant documents.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentenc...
[]
330
Patients from how many medical centers were studied?
["Title: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016\nPassage: patients to those who were on the unit for 3 days or more. On six randomly assigned days over a 2 month period, all eligible patients on the unit had a proforma filled retrospectively for all days up until their admission to the unit, or up to seven days previously, whichever sooner. Presence of arterial or central access was also noted, as these facilitate obtaining samp...
Based on the context provided, patients from at least 4 different medical centers were studied, including two in Canada and multiple in Brussels, Belgium.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium."],["0b","15-18 March 2016"],["0c","Passage: patients to those who were on the unit for 3 days or more."],["0d","On six randomly assigned days over a 2 month period, all eligible patients on the unit had a proforma filled retrospectively for all days up until their admission to the unit, or up to seven days previously, whichever sooner."],["0e","Presence of arterial or central access was also...
[["a","Based on the context provided, patients from at least 4 different medical centers were studied, including two in Canada and multiple in Brussels, Belgium."]]
[{"explanation":"The response correctly indicates that there are patients from two Canadian centers involved in a study, which is supported by Document 1 (1b, 1e). However, the claim about multiple centers in Brussels is unsupported by the provided documents.","fully_supported":false,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":[]}]
["a"]
303
What statistical tests were used to compare categorical variables?
["Title: The Trojan Chicken Study, Minnesota\nPassage: Statistical analysis was performed with SAS version 8.0 . Chi-squared analysis and Fisher exact test were used to compare categorical variables with powder contamination. We used t tests to compare continuous variables. Logistic regression modeling was attempted, but the models did not converge. Odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated by using EpiInfo .","Title: Comparison of the first three waves of avian influenza A(H7N9) viru...
The statistical tests used to compare categorical variables were the Chi-square test and the Fisher exact test.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: The Trojan Chicken Study, Minnesota"],["0b","Passage: Statistical analysis was performed with SAS version 8.0 ."],["0c","Chi-squared analysis and Fisher exact test were used to compare categorical variables with powder contamination."],["0d","We used t tests to compare continuous variables."],["0e","Logistic regression modeling was attempted, but the models did not converge."],["0f","Odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated by using EpiInfo ."]],[["1a","Title: Compari...
[["a","The statistical tests used to compare categorical variables were the Chi-square test and the Fisher exact test."]]
[{"explanation":"The sentence asserts that the Chi-square test and the Fisher exact test were used to compare categorical variables. This is supported by Document 0 (0c), which mentions both tests, Document 1 (1d), which mentions the Chi-square test, Document 2 (2b), which mentions the Chi-square test, and Document 3 (3b), which mentions both tests.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["0c","1d","2b","3b"]}]
[]
1560
In how many cases the symptoms at diagnosis were consistent with the case definition for acute respiratory infection?
["Title: Revision of clinical case definitions: influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection\nPassage: \"An acute respiratory illness with a measured temperature of ≥ 38 °C and cough, with onset within the past 10 days\". a Compared with corresponding definition published in 1999. 9 Box 2. Criteria previously used in regional definitions of severe acute respiratory infection Among individuals aged above five years, the criteria used were those for pneumonia in this age group, i....
The passage mentions that there were 323 persons who met the pneumonia case definition in the previous year, with almost all of them reporting self-reported cough and difficulty breathing for at least two days, and 2% reported only a physician's diagnosis of pneumonia. This means that in 98% of the cases (323 - 2), the symptoms at diagnosis were consistent with the case definition for acute respiratory infection.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Revision of clinical case definitions: influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection"],["0b","Passage: \"An acute respiratory illness with a measured temperature of ≥ 38 °C and cough, with onset within the past 10 days\"."],["0c","a Compared with corresponding definition published in 1999."],["0d","9 Box 2."],["0e","Criteria previously used in regional definitions of severe acute respiratory infection Among individuals aged above five years, the criteria used were...
[["a","The passage mentions that there were 323 persons who met the pneumonia case definition in the previous year, with almost all of them reporting self-reported cough and difficulty breathing for at least two days, and 2% reported only a physician's diagnosis of pneumonia."],["b","This means that in 98% of the cases (323 - 2), the symptoms at diagnosis were consistent with the case definition for acute respiratory infection."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence is supported by Document 3, which states that there were 323 persons who met the pneumonia case definition and that almost all of them reported self-reported cough and difficulty breathing.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["3b","3c"]},{"explanation":"While Document 3 indicates that 'almost all' of the 323 cases met the criteria, it does not provide an exact percentage (98%). The inference made here is correct to an ext...
["b"]
586
What is HTNV?
["Title: Vaccines and Therapeutics Against Hantaviruses\nPassage: Next, they developed HFRS candidate DNA vaccines expressing HTNV or PUUV Gn and GC genes and evaluated them in an open-labeled single-center phase 1 study. The results showed that HTNV and PUUV DNA vaccines prepared by electroporation were safe. When mixed together, the response to PUUV was greater than that to the HTNV DNA vaccine, and both DNA vaccines had immunogenicity .","Title: Quantification of Hantaan Virus with a SYBR Gre...
HTNV is an enveloped virus with a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and is the first hantavirus described, isolated in 1978. The virion encloses three gene segments named L, M, and S, which encode different proteins. The L segment encodes an RNAdependent RNA polymerase, the M segment encodes two glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and the S segment encodes a nucleocapsid protein.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Vaccines and Therapeutics Against Hantaviruses"],["0b","Passage: Next, they developed HFRS candidate DNA vaccines expressing HTNV or PUUV Gn and GC genes and evaluated them in an open-labeled single-center phase 1 study."],["0c","The results showed that HTNV and PUUV DNA vaccines prepared by electroporation were safe."],["0d","When mixed together, the response to PUUV was greater than that to the HTNV DNA vaccine, and both DNA vaccines had immunogenicity ."]],[["1a","Title: Quant...
[["a","HTNV is an enveloped virus with a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and is the first hantavirus described, isolated in 1978."],["b","The virion encloses three gene segments named L, M, and S, which encode different proteins."],["c","The L segment encodes an RNAdependent RNA polymerase, the M segment encodes two glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and the S segment encodes a nucleocapsid protein."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence states that HTNV is an enveloped virus with a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and mentions its historical discovery. These details are supported by sentence 1b (describes the genome and structure) and 1c (describes the first isolation of HTNV in 1978).","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["1b","1c"]},{"explanation":"This sentence describes the three gene segments (L, M, and S) that HTNV encloses and states that ...
[]
1709
What is the relation between the new2019-nCOV and the conserved orf8?
["Title: Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan\nPassage: SARS-CoV that includes the split orf8b , civet SARS-CoV , two bat SARS-related-CoV containing full-length orf8 , 2019-nCoV, the other two closest bat SARS-related-CoV to 2019-nCoV SL-CoV ZXC21 and ZC45), and bat SARS-related-CoV HKU3-1 ). As expected, orf8 derived from 2019-nCoV belongs to the group that includes the closest genome sequen...
The new 2019-nCoV orf8 is distant from the conserved orf8, which triggers intracellular stress pathways and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes, but this is absent in the novel orf8 of 2019-nCoV.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan"],["0b","Passage: SARS-CoV that includes the split orf8b , civet SARS-CoV , two bat SARS-related-CoV containing full-length orf8 , 2019-nCoV, the other two closest bat SARS-related-CoV to 2019-nCoV SL-CoV ZXC21 and ZC45), and bat SARS-related-CoV HKU3-1 )."],["0c","As expected, orf8 derived from 2019-nCoV belongs to the group that includes t...
[["a","The new 2019-nCoV orf8 is distant from the conserved orf8, which triggers intracellular stress pathways and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes, but this is absent in the novel orf8 of 2019-nCoV."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence accurately reflects the information from Document 0, Sentence 0d, which mentions that the new 2019-nCoV orf8 is distanced from the conserved orf8 and highlights that the novel orf8 of 2019-nCoV does not trigger intracellular stress pathways and NLRP3 inflammasomes.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["0d"]}]
[]
450
What did the comparison of the FPASSA-ANFIS model with several existing models, show?
["Title: Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China\nPassage: algorithm . In general, SSA is employed to improve FPA to avoid its drawbacks . The main idea of the proposed model, called FPASSA-ANFIS, is to improve the performance of ANFIS by determining the parameters of ANFIS using FPASSA. The FPASSA-ANFIS model is evaluated using the World Health Organization official data of the outbreak of the COVID-19 to forecast the confirmed cases of the upcoming ten days. Mo...
The comparison of the FPASSA-ANFIS model with several existing models showed that it had better performance in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Root Mean Squared Relative Error, and Root Mean Squared.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China"],["0b","Passage: algorithm ."],["0c","In general, SSA is employed to improve FPA to avoid its drawbacks ."],["0d","The main idea of the proposed model, called FPASSA-ANFIS, is to improve the performance of ANFIS by determining the parameters of ANFIS using FPASSA."],["0e","The FPASSA-ANFIS model is evaluated using the World Health Organization official data of the outbreak of the COVID-19 to forecast the co...
[["a","The comparison of the FPASSA-ANFIS model with several existing models showed that it had better performance in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Root Mean Squared Relative Error, and Root Mean Squared."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence is supported by Document 0, sentence 0f which provides information about the performance of the FPASSA-ANFIS model compared to other models.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["0f"]}]
[]
39
How many antigens could be detected by Liew's multiplex ELISA test?
["Title: Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses\nPassage: Antibody arrays for simultaneous multiple antigen quantification are considered the most accurate methods . Liew validated one multiplex ELISA for the detection of 9 antigens; Anderson used microarray ELISA for multiplex detection of antibodies to tumor antigens in breast cancer, and demonstrated that ELISA-based array assays had the broadest dynamic range and lowest sample volume requirement...
Liew's multiplex ELISA test could detect 9 antigens.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses"],["0b","Passage: Antibody arrays for simultaneous multiple antigen quantification are considered the most accurate methods ."],["0c","Liew validated one multiplex ELISA for the detection of 9 antigens; Anderson used microarray ELISA for multiplex detection of antibodies to tumor antigens in breast cancer, and demonstrated that ELISA-based array assays had the broadest dynamic range and lowest s...
[["a","Liew's multiplex ELISA test could detect 9 antigens."]]
[{"explanation":"Liew's multiplex ELISA test detecting 9 antigens is directly supported by sentence 0c in Document 0.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["0c"]}]
[]
788
What is the mortality rate of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in adults?
["Title: Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis through the Unfolded Protein Response Activation of EGR1\nPassage: spillover . In humans, VEEV causes a febrile illness typified by fever, malaise, and vomiting. In some cases, infection progresses to the central nervous system and neurological symptoms, such as confusion, ataxia, and seizures, manifest. The mortality rate among cases with neurological symptoms can be as high as 35% in children and 10% in adults, with long-term neur...
The mortality rate of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in adults is 10%.
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
gpt-4o
covidqa_test
[[["0a","Title: Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis through the Unfolded Protein Response Activation of EGR1"],["0b","Passage: spillover ."],["0c","In humans, VEEV causes a febrile illness typified by fever, malaise, and vomiting."],["0d","In some cases, infection progresses to the central nervous system and neurological symptoms, such as confusion, ataxia, and seizures, manifest."],["0e","The mortality rate among cases with neurological symptoms can be as high as 35% in child...
[["a","The mortality rate of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in adults is 10%."]]
[{"explanation":"This sentence is supported by Document 0, which directly states that the mortality rate among adults with neurological symptoms from VEEV can be as high as 10%.","fully_supported":true,"response_sentence_key":"a","supporting_sentence_keys":["0e"]}]
[]
1–50 of 957